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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma - Impact of Nodal Metastases: The presence of regional nodal metastases clearly appears to have an adverse impact on survival in older patients; however, its impact on younger patients (< 45 yrs) is less clear or only minimal. Some studies have shown a statistically significant association between the number of involved lymph nodes and survival.
Extranodal extension of metastases significantly increases the risk of persistent/recurrent disease; however, its impact on disease-specific survival depends upon the clinical context, with the greatest adverse impact seen in BRAF-mutant tumors.
Extranodal extension of metastases significantly increases the risk of persistent/recurrent disease; however, its impact on disease-specific survival depends upon the clinical context, with the greatest adverse impact seen in BRAF-mutant tumors.