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Primary high-grade squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney in a 45 y/o male. The patient had long-standing history of renal calculus and presented with intermittent hematuria, fever, and weight loss. Imaging studies showed an enlarged right kidney with a staghorn calculus, hydronephrosis and destruction of renal parenchyma suggestive of a neoplasm. The nephrectomy specimen shows extensive destruction of the native architecture with little residual renal parenchyma. Multiple grayish-white and yellow tumor nodules with hemorrhage and necrosis are scattered throughout the specimen. Case courtesy of: Dr. Sanjay D. Deshmukh & Dr. Ameya Khadilkar, Dept. of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College, Narhe, Pune, India.