Gynecomastia : Epithelial Hyperplasia

Some degree of epithelial hyperplasia is quite common in gynecomastia (as seen here). In rare cases, it may be quite prominent and simulate carcinoma. Changes suggestive of gynecomastia are not infrequent in male breast cancers. Countries with higher incidence of gynecomastia also have higher incidence of male breast cancer suggesting a pathogenetic link between the two.